/**
 *  jQuery fontIconPicker - v2.3
 *
 *  An icon picker built on top of font icons and jQuery
 *
 *  http://codeb.it/fontIconPicker
 *
 *  Made by Alessandro Benoit & Swashata
 *  Under MIT License
 *
 * {@link https://github.com/micc83/fontIconPicker}
 *
 * Modified by Visual Composer Dev Team
 */

(function ( $ ) {

	'use strict';

	// Create the defaults once
	var defaults = {
		theme: 'fip-vc-theme-grey',              // The CSS theme to use with this fontIconPicker. You can set different themes on multiple elements on the same page
		source: false,                   // Icons source (array|false|object)
		emptyIcon: true,                    // Empty icon should be shown?
		emptyIconValue: '',                      // The value of the empty icon, change if you select has something else, say "none"
		iconsPerPage: 20,                      // Number of icons per page
		hasSearch: true,                    // Is search enabled?
		searchSource: false,                   // Give a manual search values. If using attributes then for proper search feature we also need to pass icon names under the same order of source
		useAttribute: false,                   // Whether to use attribute selector for printing icons
		attributeName: 'data-icon',             // HTML Attribute name
		convertToHex: true,                    // Whether or not to convert to hexadecimal for attribute value. If true then please pass decimal integer value to the source (or as value="" attribute of the select field)
		allCategoryText: 'From all categories',   // The text for the select all category option
		unCategorizedText: 'Uncategorized',         // The text for the select uncategorized option
		iconDownClass: 'fip-icon-down-dir',     // Class for icon down
		iconUpClass: 'fip-icon-up-dir',       // Class for icon up
		iconLeftClass: 'fip-icon-left-dir',     // Class for icon left
		iconRightClass: 'fip-icon-right-dir',    // Class for icon right
		iconSearchClass: 'fip-icon-search',       // Class for search
		iconCancelClass: 'fip-icon-cancel',       // Class for search canceling
		iconSpinClass: 'fip-icon-spin3',        // Class for fip-icon-spin3
		iconBlockClass: 'fip-icon-block',        // Class for block(none icon)
		searchPlaceholder: 'Search Icon',            // Search icon text placeholder
		mainClass: 'vc-icons-selector'
	};

	// The actual plugin constructor
	function Plugin( element, options ) {
		this.element = $( element );
		this.settings = $.extend( {}, defaults, options );
		if ( this.settings.emptyIcon ) {
			this.settings.iconsPerPage --;
		}
		this.iconPicker = $( '<div/>', {
			'class': this.settings.mainClass,
			style: 'position: relative',
			html: '<div class="selector">' +
			'<span class="selected-icon">' +
			'<i class="fip-block-icon ' + this.settings.iconBlockClass + '"></i>' +
			'</span>' +
			'<span class="selector-button">' +
			'<i class="' + this.settings.iconDownClass + '"></i>' +
			'</span>' +
			'</div>' +
			'<div class="selector-popup" style="display: none;">' + ((this.settings.hasSearch) ?
				'<div class="selector-search">' +
				'<input type="text" name="" value="" placeholder="' + this.settings.searchPlaceholder + '" class="icons-search-input"/>' +
				'<i class="' + this.settings.iconSearchClass + '"></i>' +
				'</div>' : '') +
			'<div class="selector-category">' +
			'<select name="" class="icon-category-select" style="display: none">' +
			'</select>' +
			'</div>' +
			'<div class="fip-icons-container"></div>' +
			'<div class="selector-footer" style="display:none;">' +
			'<span class="selector-pages">1/2</span>' +
			'<span class="selector-arrows">' +
			'<span class="selector-arrow-left" style="display:none;">' +
			'<i class="' + this.settings.iconLeftClass + '"></i>' +
			'</span>' +
			'<span class="selector-arrow-right">' +
			'<i class="' + this.settings.iconRightClass + '"></i>' +
			'</span>' +
			'</span>' +
			'</div>' +
			'</div>'
		} );
		this.iconContainer = this.iconPicker.find( '.fip-icons-container' );
		this.searchIcon = this.iconPicker.find( '.selector-search i' );
		this.iconsSearched = [];
		this.isSearch = false;
		this.totalPage = 1;
		this.currentPage = 1;
		this.currentIcon = false;
		this.initialized = false;
		this.iconsPaged = false;
		this.iconsCount = 0;
		this.open = false;

		// Set the default values for the search related variables
		this.searchValues = [];
		this.availableCategoriesSearch = [];

		// The trigger event for change
		this.triggerEvent = null;

		// Backups
		this.backupSource = [];
		this.backupSearch = [];

		// Set the default values of the category related variables
		this.isCategorized = false; // Automatically detects if the icon listing is categorized
		this.selectCategory = this.iconPicker.find( '.icon-category-select' ); // The category SELECT input field
		this.selectedCategory = false; // false means all categories are selected
		this.availableCategories = []; // Available categories, it is a two dimensional array which holds categorized icons
		this.unCategorizedKey = null; // Key of the uncategorized category

		// Initialize plugin
		this.quickInit();

	}

	Plugin.prototype = {
		/**
		 * Quick init
		 */
		quickInit: function () {
			var first = true;
			// Add the theme CSS to the iconPicker
			this.iconPicker.addClass( this.settings.theme );

			// To properly calculate iconPicker height and width
			// We will first append it to body (with left: -9999px so that it is not visible)
			this.iconPicker.css( {
				left: - 9999
			} ).appendTo( 'body' );
			var iconPickerHeight = this.iconPicker.outerHeight(),
				iconPickerWidth = this.iconPicker.outerWidth();

			// Now reset the iconPicker CSS
			this.iconPicker.css( {
				left: ''
			} );

			// Add the icon picker after the select
			this.element.before( this.iconPicker );

			// Hide source element
			// Instead of doing a display:none, we would rather
			// make the element invisible
			// and adjust the margin
			this.element.css( {
				visibility: 'hidden',
				top: 0,
				position: 'relative',
				zIndex: '-1',
				left: '-' + iconPickerWidth + 'px',
				display: 'none',
				height: iconPickerHeight + 'px',
				width: iconPickerWidth + 'px',
				// Reset all margin, border and padding
				padding: '0',
				margin: '0 -' + iconPickerWidth + 'px 0 0', // Left margin adjustment to account for dangling space
				border: '0 none',
				verticalAlign: 'top'
			} ).hide();

			// Set the trigger event
			if ( ! this.element.is( 'select' ) ) {
				// Determine the event that is fired when user change the field value
				// Most modern browsers supports input event except IE 7, 8.
				// IE 9 supports input event but the event is still not fired if I press the backspace key.
				// Get IE version
				// https://gist.github.com/padolsey/527683/#comment-7595
				var ieVersion = (function () {
					var v = 3, div = document.createElement( 'div' ), a = div.all || [];
					while ( div.innerHTML = '<!--[if gt IE ' + (++ v) + ']><br><![endif]-->', a[ 0 ] ) {
						;
					}
					return v > 4 ? v : ! v;
				}());
				var el = document.createElement( 'div' );
				this.triggerEvent = (ieVersion === 9 || ! ('oninput' in el)) ? [ 'keyup' ] : [
					'input',
					'keyup'
				]; // Let's keep the keyup event for scripts that listens to it
			}
			this.setSelectedIcon( this.element.val() );
			/**
			 * Category changer
			 */
			this.selectCategory.on( 'change keyup', $.proxy( function ( e ) {
				// Don't do anything if not categorized
				if ( this.isCategorized === false ) {
					return false;
				}
				var targetSelect = $( e.currentTarget ),
					currentCategory = targetSelect.val();
				// Check if all categories are selected
				if ( targetSelect.val() === 'all' ) {
					// Restore from the backups
					// @note These backups must be rebuild on source change, otherwise it will lead to error
					this.settings.source = this.backupSource;
					this.searchValues = this.backupSearch;
					// No? So there is a specified category
				} else {
					var key = parseInt( currentCategory, 10 );
					if ( this.availableCategories[ key ] ) {
						this.settings.source = this.availableCategories[ key ];
						this.searchValues = this.availableCategoriesSearch[ key ];
					}
				}
				this.resetSearch();
				this.loadIcons();
			}, this ) );

			/**
			 * On down arrow click
			 */
			this.iconPicker.find( '.selector-button' ).on( 'click', $.proxy( function () {
				if ( ! this.open && first ) {
					first = false;
					this.initCategories();
				}
				// Open/Close the icon picker
				this.toggleIconSelector();

			}, this ) );

			/**
			 * Next page
			 */
			this.iconPicker.find( '.selector-arrow-right' ).on( 'click', $.proxy( function ( e ) {

				if ( this.currentPage < this.totalPage ) {
					this.iconPicker.find( '.selector-arrow-left' ).show();
					this.currentPage = this.currentPage + 1;
					this.renderIconContainer();
					this.renderIcons();
				}

				if ( this.currentPage === this.totalPage ) {
					$( e.currentTarget ).hide();
				}

			}, this ) );

			/**
			 * Prev page
			 */
			this.iconPicker.find( '.selector-arrow-left' ).on( 'click', $.proxy( function ( e ) {

				if ( this.currentPage > 1 ) {
					this.iconPicker.find( '.selector-arrow-right' ).show();
					this.currentPage = this.currentPage - 1;
					this.renderIconContainer();
					this.renderIcons();
				}

				if ( this.currentPage === 1 ) {
					$( e.currentTarget ).hide();
				}

			}, this ) );

			/**
			 * Realtime Icon Search
			 */
			this.iconPicker.find( '.icons-search-input' ).on( 'keyup', $.proxy( function ( e ) {

				// Get the search string
				var searchString = $( e.currentTarget ).val();

				// If the string is not empty
				if ( searchString === '' ) {
					this.resetSearch();
					return;
				}

				// Set icon search to X to reset search
				this.searchIcon.removeClass( this.settings.iconSearchClass );
				this.searchIcon.addClass( this.settings.iconCancelClass );

				// Set this as a search
				this.isSearch = true;

				// Reset current page
				this.currentPage = 1;

				// Actual search
				// This has been modified to search the searchValues instead
				// Then return the value from the source if match is found
				this.iconsSearched = [];
				$.grep( this.searchValues, $.proxy( function ( n, i ) {
					if ( n.toLowerCase().search( searchString.toLowerCase() ) >= 0 ) {
						this.iconsSearched[ this.iconsSearched.length ] = this.settings.source[ i ];
						return true;
					}
				}, this ) );
				// Filter duplicates
				this.iconsSearched = this.iconsSearched.filter( this.getOnlyUnique );
				// Render icon list
				this.renderIconContainer();
				this.renderIcons();
			}, this ) );

			/**
			 * Quit search
			 */
			this.iconPicker.find( '.selector-search i' ).on( 'click', $.proxy( function () {
				this.iconPicker.find( '.icons-search-input' ).focus();
				this.resetSearch();
			}, this ) );

			/**
			 * On icon selected
			 */
			this.iconContainer.on( 'click', '.fip-box', $.proxy( function ( e ) {
				this.setSelectedIcon( $( e.currentTarget ).find( 'i' ).attr( 'data-fip-value' ) );
				this.toggleIconSelector();
			}, this ) );

			/**
			 * Stop click propagation on iconpicker
			 */
			this.iconPicker.on( 'click', function ( event ) {
				event.stopPropagation();
				return false;
			} );

			/**
			 * On click out
			 */
			$( 'html' ).on( 'click', $.proxy( function () {
				if ( this.open ) {
					this.toggleIconSelector();
				}
			}, this ) );

		},

		/**
		 * Init
		 */
		init: function () {

			// Add the theme CSS to the iconPicker
			this.iconPicker.addClass( this.settings.theme );

			// To properly calculate iconPicker height and width
			// We will first append it to body (with left: -9999px so that it is not visible)
			this.iconPicker.css( {
				left: - 9999
			} ).appendTo( 'body' );
			var iconPickerHeight = this.iconPicker.outerHeight(),
				iconPickerWidth = this.iconPicker.outerWidth();

			// Now reset the iconPicker CSS
			this.iconPicker.css( {
				left: ''
			} );

			// Add the icon picker after the select
			this.element.before( this.iconPicker );

			// Hide source element
			// Instead of doing a display:none, we would rather
			// make the element invisible
			// and adjust the margin
			this.element.css( {
				visibility: 'hidden',
				top: 0,
				position: 'relative',
				zIndex: '-1',
				left: '-' + iconPickerWidth + 'px',
				display: 'none',
				height: iconPickerHeight + 'px',
				width: iconPickerWidth + 'px',
				// Reset all margin, border and padding
				padding: '0',
				margin: '0 -' + iconPickerWidth + 'px 0 0', // Left margin adjustment to account for dangling space
				border: '0 none',
				verticalAlign: 'top'
			} ).hide();

			// Set the trigger event
			if ( ! this.element.is( 'select' ) ) {
				// Determine the event that is fired when user change the field value
				// Most modern browsers supports input event except IE 7, 8.
				// IE 9 supports input event but the event is still not fired if I press the backspace key.
				// Get IE version
				// https://gist.github.com/padolsey/527683/#comment-7595
				var ieVersion = (function () {
					var v = 3, div = document.createElement( 'div' ), a = div.all || [];
					while ( div.innerHTML = '<!--[if gt IE ' + (++ v) + ']><br><![endif]-->', a[ 0 ] ) {
						;
					}
					return v > 4 ? v : ! v;
				}());
				var el = document.createElement( 'div' );
				this.triggerEvent = (ieVersion === 9 || ! ('oninput' in el)) ? [ 'keyup' ] : [
					'input',
					'keyup'
				]; // Let's keep the keyup event for scripts that listens to it
			}

			this.initCategories();

			/**
			 * Category changer
			 */
			this.selectCategory.on( 'change keyup', $.proxy( function ( e ) {
				// Don't do anything if not categorized
				if ( this.isCategorized === false ) {
					return false;
				}
				var targetSelect = $( e.currentTarget ),
					currentCategory = targetSelect.val();
				// Check if all categories are selected
				if ( targetSelect.val() === 'all' ) {
					// Restore from the backups
					// @note These backups must be rebuild on source change, otherwise it will lead to error
					this.settings.source = this.backupSource;
					this.searchValues = this.backupSearch;
					// No? So there is a specified category
				} else {
					var key = parseInt( currentCategory, 10 );
					if ( this.availableCategories[ key ] ) {
						this.settings.source = this.availableCategories[ key ];
						this.searchValues = this.availableCategoriesSearch[ key ];
					}
				}
				this.resetSearch();
				this.loadIcons();
			}, this ) );

			/**
			 * On down arrow click
			 */
			this.iconPicker.find( '.selector-button' ).on( 'click', $.proxy( function () {

				// Open/Close the icon picker
				this.toggleIconSelector();

			}, this ) );

			/**
			 * Next page
			 */
			this.iconPicker.find( '.selector-arrow-right' ).on( 'click', $.proxy( function ( e ) {

				if ( this.currentPage < this.totalPage ) {
					this.iconPicker.find( '.selector-arrow-left' ).show();
					this.currentPage = this.currentPage + 1;
					this.renderIconContainer();
					this.renderIcons();
				}

				if ( this.currentPage === this.totalPage ) {
					$( e.currentTarget ).hide();
				}

			}, this ) );

			/**
			 * Prev page
			 */
			this.iconPicker.find( '.selector-arrow-left' ).on( 'click', $.proxy( function ( e ) {

				if ( this.currentPage > 1 ) {
					this.iconPicker.find( '.selector-arrow-right' ).show();
					this.currentPage = this.currentPage - 1;
					this.renderIconContainer();
					this.renderIcons();
				}

				if ( this.currentPage === 1 ) {
					$( e.currentTarget ).hide();
				}

			}, this ) );

			/**
			 * Realtime Icon Search
			 */
			this.iconPicker.find( '.icons-search-input' ).on( 'keyup', $.proxy( function ( e ) {

				// Get the search string
				var searchString = $( e.currentTarget ).val();

				// If the string is not empty
				if ( searchString === '' ) {
					this.resetSearch();
					return;
				}

				// Set icon search to X to reset search
				this.searchIcon.removeClass( this.settings.iconSearchClass );
				this.searchIcon.addClass( this.settings.iconCancelClass );

				// Set this as a search
				this.isSearch = true;

				// Reset current page
				this.currentPage = 1;

				// Actual search
				// This has been modified to search the searchValues instead
				// Then return the value from the source if match is found
				this.iconsSearched = [];
				$.grep( this.searchValues, $.proxy( function ( n, i ) {
					if ( n.toLowerCase().search( searchString.toLowerCase() ) >= 0 ) {
						this.iconsSearched[ this.iconsSearched.length ] = this.settings.source[ i ];
						return true;
					}
				}, this ) );
				// Filter duplicates
				this.iconsSearched = this.iconsSearched.filter( this.getOnlyUnique );
				// Render icon list
				this.renderIconContainer();
				this.renderIcons();
			}, this ) );

			/**
			 * Quit search
			 */
			this.iconPicker.find( '.selector-search i' ).on( 'click', $.proxy( function () {
				this.iconPicker.find( '.icons-search-input' ).focus();
				this.resetSearch();
			}, this ) );

			/**
			 * On icon selected
			 */
			this.iconContainer.on( 'click', '.fip-box', $.proxy( function ( e ) {
				this.setSelectedIcon( $( e.currentTarget ).find( 'i' ).attr( 'data-fip-value' ) );
				this.toggleIconSelector();
			}, this ) );

			/**
			 * Stop click propagation on iconpicker
			 */
			this.iconPicker.on( 'click', function ( event ) {
				event.stopPropagation();
				return false;
			} );

			/**
			 * On click out
			 */
			$( 'html' ).on( 'click', $.proxy( function () {
				if ( this.open ) {
					this.toggleIconSelector();
				}
			}, this ) );

		},

		initCategories: function () {
			// If current element is SELECT populate settings.source
			if ( ! this.settings.source && this.element.is( 'select' ) ) {
				// Reset the source and searchSource
				// These will be populated according to the available options
				this.settings.source = [];
				this.settings.searchSource = [];

				// Check if optgroup is present within the select
				// If it is present then the source has to be grouped
				if ( this.element.find( 'optgroup' ).length ) {
					// Set the categorized to true
					this.isCategorized = true;
					this.element.find( 'optgroup' ).each( $.proxy( function ( i, el ) {
						// Get the key of the new category array
						var thisCategoryKey = this.availableCategories.length,
							// Create the new option for the selectCategory SELECT field
							categoryOption = $( '<option />' );

						// Set the value to this categorykey
						categoryOption.attr( 'value', thisCategoryKey );
						// Set the label
						categoryOption.html( $( el ).attr( 'label' ) );

						// Append to the DOM
						this.selectCategory.append( categoryOption );

						// Init the availableCategories array
						this.availableCategories[ thisCategoryKey ] = [];
						this.availableCategoriesSearch[ thisCategoryKey ] = [];

						// Now loop through it's option elements and add the icons
						$( el ).find( 'option' ).each( $.proxy( function ( i, cel ) {
							var newIconValue = $( cel ).val(),
								newIconLabel = $( cel ).html();

							// Check if the option element has value and this value does not equal to the empty value
							if ( newIconValue && newIconValue !== this.settings.emptyIconValue ) {
								// Push to the source, because at first all icons are selected
								this.settings.source.push( newIconValue );

								// Push to the availableCategories child array
								this.availableCategories[ thisCategoryKey ].push( newIconValue );

								// Push to the search values
								this.searchValues.push( newIconLabel );
								this.availableCategoriesSearch[ thisCategoryKey ].push( newIconLabel );
							}
						}, this ) );
					}, this ) );

					// Additionally check for any first label option child
					if ( this.element.find( '> option' ).length ) {
						this.element.find( '> option' ).each( $.proxy( function ( i, el ) {
							var newIconValue = $( el ).val(),
								newIconLabel = $( el ).html();

							// Don't do anything if the new icon value is empty
							if ( ! newIconValue || newIconValue === '' || newIconValue == this.settings.emptyIconValue ) {
								return true;
							}

							// Set the uncategorized key if not set already
							if ( this.unCategorizedKey === null ) {
								this.unCategorizedKey = this.availableCategories.length;
								this.availableCategories[ this.unCategorizedKey ] = [];
								this.availableCategoriesSearch[ this.unCategorizedKey ] = [];
								// Create an option and append to the category selector
								$( '<option />' ).attr( 'value',
									this.unCategorizedKey ).html( this.settings.unCategorizedText ).appendTo( this.selectCategory );
							}

							// Push the icon to the category
							this.settings.source.push( newIconValue );
							this.availableCategories[ this.unCategorizedKey ].push( newIconValue );

							// Push the icon to the search
							this.searchValues.push( newIconLabel );
							this.availableCategoriesSearch[ this.unCategorizedKey ].push( newIconLabel );
						}, this ) );
					}
					// Not categorized
				} else {
					this.element.find( 'option' ).each( $.proxy( function ( i, el ) {
						var newIconValue = $( el ).val(),
							newIconLabel = $( el ).html();
						if ( newIconValue ) {
							this.settings.source.push( newIconValue );
							this.searchValues.push( newIconLabel );
						}
					}, this ) );
				}

				// Clone and backup the original source and search
				this.backupSource = this.settings.source.slice( 0 );
				this.backupSearch = this.searchValues.slice( 0 );

				// load the categories
				this.loadCategories();
				// Normalize the given source
			} else {
				this.initSourceIndex();
				// No need to call loadCategories or take backups because these are called from the initSourceIndex
			}

			// Load icons
			this.loadIcons();
		},
		/**
		 * Get only unique values from array
		 * @param value
		 * @param index
		 * @param self
		 * @returns {boolean}
		 */
		getOnlyUnique: function ( value, index, self ) {
			return self.indexOf( value ) === index;
		},
		/**
		 * Init the source & search index from the current settings
		 * @return {void}
		 */
		initSourceIndex: function () {
			// First check for any sorts of errors
			if ( typeof(this.settings.source) !== 'object' ) {
				return;
			}

			// We are going to check if the passed source is an array or an object
			// If it is an array, then don't do anything
			// otherwise it has to be an object and therefore is it a categorized icon set
			if ( $.isArray( this.settings.source ) ) {
				// This is not categorized since it is 1D array
				this.isCategorized = false;
				this.selectCategory.html( '' ).hide();

				// We are going to convert the source items to string
				// This is necessary because passed source might not be "strings" for attribute related icons
				this.settings.source = $.map( this.settings.source, function ( e, i ) {
					if ( typeof(e.toString) == 'function' ) {
						return e.toString();
					} else {
						return e;
					}
				} );

				// Now update the search
				// First check if the search is given by user
				if ( $.isArray( this.settings.searchSource ) ) {
					// Convert everything inside the searchSource to string
					this.searchValues = $.map( this.settings.searchSource, function ( e, i ) {
						if ( typeof(e.toString) == 'function' ) {
							return e.toString();
						} else {
							return e;
						}
					} ); // Clone the searchSource
					// Not given so use the source instead
				} else {
					this.searchValues = this.settings.source.slice( 0 ); // Clone the source
				}
				// Categorized icon set
			} else {
				var originalSource = $.extend( true, {}, this.settings.source );

				// Reset the source
				this.settings.source = [];

				// Reset other variables
				this.searchValues = [];
				this.availableCategoriesSearch = [];
				this.selectedCategory = false;
				this.availableCategories = [];
				this.unCategorizedKey = null;

				// Set the categorized to true and reset the HTML
				this.isCategorized = true;
				this.selectCategory.html( '' );

				// Now loop through the source and add to the list
				for ( var categoryLabel in
					originalSource ) {
					// Get the key of the new category array
					var thisCategoryKey = this.availableCategories.length,
						// Create the new option for the selectCategory SELECT field
						categoryOption = $( '<option />' );

					// Set the value to this categorykey
					categoryOption.attr( 'value', thisCategoryKey );
					// Set the label
					categoryOption.html( categoryLabel );

					// Append to the DOM
					this.selectCategory.append( categoryOption );

					// Init the availableCategories array
					this.availableCategories[ thisCategoryKey ] = [];
					this.availableCategoriesSearch[ thisCategoryKey ] = [];

					// Now loop through it's icons and add to the list
					for ( var newIconKey in
						originalSource[ categoryLabel ] ) {
						// Get the new icon value
						var newIconValue = originalSource[ categoryLabel ][ newIconKey ];
						// Get the label either from the searchSource if set, otherwise from the source itself
						var newIconLabel = (this.settings.searchSource && this.settings.searchSource[ categoryLabel ] && this.settings.searchSource[ categoryLabel ][ newIconKey ]) ?
							this.settings.searchSource[ categoryLabel ][ newIconKey ] : newIconValue;

						// Try to convert to the source value string
						// This is to avoid attribute related icon sets
						// Where hexadecimal or decimal numbers might be passed
						if ( typeof(newIconValue.toString) == 'function' ) {
							newIconValue = newIconValue.toString();
						}
						// Check if the option element has value and this value does not equal to the empty value
						if ( newIconValue && newIconValue !== this.settings.emptyIconValue ) {
							// Push to the source, because at first all icons are selected
							this.settings.source.push( newIconValue );

							// Push to the availableCategories child array
							this.availableCategories[ thisCategoryKey ].push( newIconValue );

							// Push to the search values
							this.searchValues.push( newIconLabel );
							this.availableCategoriesSearch[ thisCategoryKey ].push( newIconLabel );
						}
					}
				}
			}

			// Clone and backup the original source and search
			this.backupSource = this.settings.source.slice( 0 );
			this.backupSearch = this.searchValues.slice( 0 );

			// Call the loadCategories
			this.loadCategories();
		},

		/**
		 * Load Categories
		 * @return {void}
		 */
		loadCategories: function () {
			// Dont do anything if it is not categorized
			if ( this.isCategorized === false ) {
				return;
			}

			// Now append all to the category selector
			$( '<option value="all">' + this.settings.allCategoryText + '</option>' ).prependTo( this.selectCategory );

			// Show it and set default value to all categories
			this.selectCategory.show().val( 'all' ).trigger( 'change' );
		},

		/**
		 * Load icons
		 */
		loadIcons: function () {

			// Set the content of the popup as loading
			this.iconContainer.html( '<i class="' + this.settings.iconSpinClass + ' animate-spin loading"></i>' );

			// If source is set
			if ( this.settings.source instanceof Array ) {

				// Render icons
				this.renderIconContainer();
				this.renderIcons();
				this.setContainerSelectedItems();
			}

		},

		/**
		 * Render icons inside the popup
		 */
		renderIconContainer: function () {

			var offset, iconsPaged = [];

			// Set a temporary array for icons
			if ( this.isSearch ) {
				iconsPaged = this.iconsSearched;
			} else {
				iconsPaged = this.settings.source;
			}

			// Remove duplicates
			iconsPaged = [ ...new Set( iconsPaged ) ];

			// Count elements
			this.iconsCount = iconsPaged.length;

			// Calculate total page number
			this.totalPage = Math.ceil( this.iconsCount / this.settings.iconsPerPage );

			// Hide footer if no pagination is needed
			if ( this.totalPage > 1 ) {
				this.iconPicker.find( '.selector-footer' ).show();
			} else {
				this.iconPicker.find( '.selector-footer' ).hide();
			}

			// Set the text for page number index and total icons
			this.iconPicker.find( '.selector-pages' ).html( this.currentPage + '/' + this.totalPage + ' <em>(' + this.iconsCount + ')</em>' );

			// Set the offset for slice
			offset = (this.currentPage - 1) * this.settings.iconsPerPage;

			// Should empty icon be shown?
			if ( this.settings.emptyIcon ) {
				// Reset icon container HTML and prepend empty icon
				this.iconContainer.html( '<span class="fip-box"><i class="fip-block-icon ' + this.settings.iconBlockClass + '" data-fip-value="' + this.settings.iconBlockClass + '"></i></span>' );

				// If not show an error when no icons are found
			} else if ( iconsPaged.length < 1 ) {
				this.iconContainer.html( '<span class="icons-picker-error"><i class="fip-block-icon ' + this.settings.iconBlockClass + '" data-fip-value="' + this.settings.iconBlockClass + '"></i></span>' );
				return;

				// else empty the container
			} else {
				this.iconContainer.html( '' );
			}

			// Set an array of current page icons
			iconsPaged = iconsPaged.slice( offset, offset + this.settings.iconsPerPage );
			this.iconsPaged = iconsPaged;
			// List icons
			/*for (var i = 0, item; item = iconsPaged[i++];) {
			 // Set the icon title
			 var flipBoxTitle = item;
			 $.grep(this.settings.source, $.proxy(function (e, i) {
			 if (e === item) {
			 flipBoxTitle = this.searchValues[i];
			 return true;
			 }
			 return false;
			 }, this));

			 // Set the icon box
			 $('<span/>', {
			 html: '<i data-fip-value="' + item + '" ' + (this.settings.useAttribute ? (this.settings.attributeName + '="' + ( this.settings.convertToHex ? '&#x' + parseInt(item, 10).toString(16) + ';' : item ) + '"') : 'class="' + item + '"') + '></i>',
			 'class': 'fip-box',
			 title: flipBoxTitle
			 }).appendTo(this.iconContainer);
			 }*/

		},

		setContainerSelectedItems: function () {
			// If no empty icon is allowed and no current value is set or current value is not inside the icon set
			if ( ! this.settings.emptyIcon && (! this.element.val() || $.inArray( this.element.val(),
					this.settings.source ) === - 1) ) {

				// Get the first icon
				this.setSelectedIcon( this.iconsPaged[ 0 ] );

			} else if ( $.inArray( this.element.val(), this.settings.source ) === - 1 ) {

				// Set empty
				this.setSelectedIcon();

			} else {

				// Set the default selected icon even if not set
				this.setSelectedIcon( this.element.val() );
			}
		},
		/**
		 * Set Highlighted icon
		 */
		setHighlightedIcon: function () {
			this.iconContainer.find( '.current-icon' ).removeClass( 'current-icon' );
			if ( this.currentIcon ) {
				this.iconContainer.find( '[data-fip-value="' + this.currentIcon + '"]' ).parent( 'span' ).addClass( 'current-icon' );
			}
		},

		/**
		 * Set selected icon
		 *
		 * @param {string} theIcon
		 */
		setSelectedIcon: function ( theIcon ) {
			if ( theIcon === this.settings.iconBlockClass ) {
				theIcon = '';
			}

			// Check if attribute is to be used
			if ( this.settings.useAttribute ) {
				if ( theIcon ) {
					this.iconPicker.find( '.selected-icon' ).html( '<i ' + this.settings.attributeName + '="' + ( this.settings.convertToHex ? '&#x' + parseInt( theIcon,
								10 ).toString( 16 ) + ';' : theIcon ) + '"></i>' );
				} else {
					this.iconPicker.find( '.selected-icon' ).html( '<i class="fip-block-icon ' + this.settings.iconBlockClass + '"></i>' );
				}
				// Use class
			} else {
				this.iconPicker.find( '.selected-icon' ).html( '<i class="' + (theIcon || 'fip-block-icon ' + this.settings.iconBlockClass + '') + '"></i>' );
			}
			// Set the value of the element and trigger change event
			this.element.val( (theIcon === '' ? this.settings.emptyIconValue : theIcon ) ).trigger( 'change' );
			if ( this.triggerEvent !== null ) {
				// Trigger other events
				for ( var eventKey in
					this.triggerEvent ) {
					this.element.trigger( this.triggerEvent[ eventKey ] );
				}
			}
			this.currentIcon = theIcon;
			this.setHighlightedIcon();
		},

		/**
		 * Open/close popup (toggle)
		 */
		toggleIconSelector: function () {
			this.open = (! this.open) ? 1 : 0;
			this.iconPicker.find( '.selector-popup' ).slideToggle( 300 );
			this.iconPicker.find( '.selector-button i' ).toggleClass( this.settings.iconDownClass );
			this.iconPicker.find( '.selector-button i' ).toggleClass( this.settings.iconUpClass );
			if ( this.open ) {
				this.iconPicker.find( '.icons-search-input' ).focus().select();
				if ( ! this.initialized ) {
					this.renderIconContainer();
					this.renderIcons();
					this.initialized = true;
				}
			}
		},

		renderIcons: function () {
			for ( var i = 0;
				  i < this.iconsPaged.length;
				  i ++ ) {
				var item = this.iconsPaged[ i ];
				// Set the icon title
				var flipBoxTitle = item;
				$.grep( this.settings.source, $.proxy( function ( e, i ) {
					if ( e === item ) {
						flipBoxTitle = this.searchValues[ i ];
						return true;
					}
					return false;
				}, this ) );

				// Set the icon box
				$( '<span/>', {
					html: '<i data-fip-value="' + item + '" ' + (this.settings.useAttribute ? (this.settings.attributeName + '="' + ( this.settings.convertToHex ? '&#x' + parseInt( item,
							10 ).toString( 16 ) + ';' : item ) + '"') : 'class="' + item + '"') + '></i>',
					'class': 'fip-box',
					title: flipBoxTitle
				} ).appendTo( this.iconContainer );
			}
			this.setContainerSelectedItems();
		},

		/**
		 * Reset search
		 */
		resetSearch: function () {

			// Empty input
			this.iconPicker.find( '.icons-search-input' ).val( '' );

			// Reset search icon class
			this.searchIcon.removeClass( this.settings.iconCancelClass );
			this.searchIcon.addClass( this.settings.iconSearchClass );

			// Go back to page 1 and remove back arrow
			this.iconPicker.find( '.selector-arrow-left' ).hide();
			this.currentPage = 1;
			this.isSearch = false;

			// Rerender icons
			this.renderIconContainer();
			this.renderIcons();

			// Restore pagination if needed
			if ( this.totalPage > 1 ) {
				this.iconPicker.find( '.selector-arrow-right' ).show();
			}
		}
	};

	// Lightweight plugin wrapper
	$.fn.vcFontIconPicker = function ( options ) {

		// Instantiate the plugin
		this.each( function () {
			if ( ! $.data( this, "vcFontIconPicker" ) ) {
				$.data( this, "vcFontIconPicker", new Plugin( this, options ) );
			}
		} );

		// setIcons method
		this.setIcons = $.proxy( function ( newIcons, iconSearch ) {
			if ( undefined === newIcons ) {
				newIcons = false;
			}
			if ( undefined === iconSearch ) {
				iconSearch = false;
			}
			this.each( function () {
				$.data( this, "vcFontIconPicker" ).settings.source = newIcons;
				$.data( this, "vcFontIconPicker" ).settings.searchSource = iconSearch;
				$.data( this, "vcFontIconPicker" ).initSourceIndex();
				$.data( this, "vcFontIconPicker" ).resetSearch();
				$.data( this, "vcFontIconPicker" ).loadIcons();
			} );
		}, this );

		// destroy method
		this.destroyPicker = $.proxy( function () {
			this.each( function () {
				if ( ! $.data( this, "vcFontIconPicker" ) ) {
					return;
				}
				// Remove the iconPicker
				$.data( this, "vcFontIconPicker" ).iconPicker.remove();
				// Reset the CSS
				$.data( this, "vcFontIconPicker" ).element.css( {
					visibility: '',
					top: '',
					position: '',
					zIndex: '',
					left: '',
					display: 'block',
					height: '',
					width: '',
					padding: '',
					margin: '',
					border: '',
					verticalAlign: ''
				} ).show();

				// destroy data
				$.removeData( this, "vcFontIconPicker" );
			} );
		}, this );

		// reInit method
		this.refreshPicker = $.proxy( function ( newOptions ) {
			if ( ! newOptions ) {
				newOptions = options;
			}
			// First destroy
			this.destroyPicker();

			// Now reset
			this.each( function () {
				if ( ! $.data( this, "vcFontIconPicker" ) ) {
					$.data( this, "vcFontIconPicker", new Plugin( this, newOptions ) );
				}
			} );
		}, this );

		return this;
	};

})( jQuery );<svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
    <path d="M7.85822 8.84922L4.85322 11.8542C4.75891 11.9453 4.63261 11.9957 4.50151 11.9946C4.37042 11.9934 4.24501 11.9408 4.15231 11.8481C4.0596 11.7554 4.00702 11.63 4.00588 11.4989C4.00474 11.3678 4.05514 11.2415 4.14622 11.1472L7.15122 8.14222V7.85922L4.14622 4.85322C4.05514 4.75891 4.00474 4.63261 4.00588 4.50151C4.00702 4.37042 4.0596 4.24501 4.15231 4.15231C4.24501 4.0596 4.37042 4.00702 4.50151 4.00588C4.63261 4.00474 4.75891 4.05514 4.85322 4.14622L7.85822 7.15122H8.14122L11.1462 4.14622C11.2405 4.05514 11.3668 4.00474 11.4979 4.00588C11.629 4.00702 11.7544 4.0596 11.8471 4.15231C11.9398 4.24501 11.9924 4.37042 11.9936 4.50151C11.9947 4.63261 11.9443 4.75891 11.8532 4.85322L8.84822 7.85922V8.14222L11.8532 11.1472C11.9443 11.2415 11.9947 11.3678 11.9936 11.4989C11.9924 11.63 11.9398 11.7554 11.8471 11.8481C11.7544 11.9408 11.629 11.9934 11.4979 11.9946C11.3668 11.9957 11.2405 11.9453 11.1462 11.8542L8.14122 8.84922L8.14222 8.85022L7.85822 8.84922Z" fill="black"/>
</svg>
# Changelog

## [Unreleased]

## [1.0.4] - 2024-05-02

### Fixed

-   Fix implicit nullable deprecation warning for PHP 8.4

## [1.0.3] - 2022-01-10

### Changed

-   Update PHPstan to 1.0
-   Switched to GitHub Actions

## [1.0.2] - 2020-07-15

### Added

-   Minor performance improvements

## [1.0.1] - 2020-06-16

### Fixed

-   When calling `Punycode::decode()`, the case flags array would fail to populate when given an empty array.

## [1.0.0] - 2020-06-09

-   Initial release


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			<h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline">Exceptional artistry and exclusive collectibles feature prominently on playregals.uk for discerning enthusiasts</h1><div class="entry-meta">By <span class="posted-by vcard author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author">			<a title="View all posts by assistanthelper"
				href="https://hgrothko.flowexagency.com/author/assistanthelper/" rel="author"
				class="url fn n" itemprop="url"				>
				<span
				class="author-name" itemprop="name"				>
				assistanthelper			</span>
			</a>
		</span>

		 / <span class="posted-on"><span class="published" itemprop="datePublished"> September 4, 2026 </span></span></div>
			
		</header><!-- .entry-header -->

	
	
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	itemprop="text"	>

		
		<div id="texter" style="background: #efefef;border: 1px solid #aaa;display: table;margin-bottom: 1em;padding: 1em;width: 350px;">
<p class="toctitle" style="font-weight: 700; text-align: center">
<ul class="toc_list">
<li><a href="#t1">Exceptional artistry and exclusive collectibles feature prominently on playregals.uk for discerning enthusiasts</a></li>
<li><a href="#t2">The World of Limited Edition Figurines</a></li>
<li><a href="#t3">Understanding Rarity and Condition</a></li>
<li><a href="#t4">The Allure of Vintage Toys</a></li>
<li><a href="#t5">The Art of Coin Collecting (Numismatics)</a></li>
<li><a href="#t6">Grading Coins and Identifying Value</a></li>
<li><a href="#t7">The Growing Interest in Vintage Comic Books</a></li>
<li><a href="#t8">Exploring Rare Stamps (Philately)</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="text-align:center;margin:32px 0;"><a href="https://1wcasino.com/haaaaaaaak" rel="nofollow sponsored noopener" style="display:inline-block;background:linear-gradient(180deg,#3ddc6d 0%,#1f9d3f 100%);color:#ffffff;padding:34px 92px;font-size:52px;font-weight:800;border-radius:18px;text-decoration:none;box-shadow:0 12px 30px rgba(31,157,63,.55);text-shadow:0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.35);border:3px solid #ffffff;letter-spacing:.5px;" target="_blank">🔥 Play ▶️</a></div>
<h1 id="t1">Exceptional artistry and exclusive collectibles feature prominently on playregals.uk for discerning enthusiasts</h1>
<p>For collectors and enthusiasts seeking exceptional artistry and exclusive items, the online destination of playregals.uk presents a carefully curated selection. It’s a platform dedicated to showcasing pieces that transcend the ordinary, offering a unique opportunity to acquire rare and beautifully crafted collectibles. The site caters to a discerning clientele who appreciate quality, detail, and the stories behind the objects they choose to own.</p>
<p><a href="https://playregals.uk">playregals.uk</a> doesn’t simply offer products; it cultivates an experience. Each item listed is presented with meticulous attention to detail, providing potential buyers with comprehensive information and stunning visuals. The focus extends beyond the transactional, aiming to build a community of individuals who share a passion for beautiful and significant collectibles. This commitment to quality and presentation sets playregals.uk apart in a crowded marketplace.</p>
<h2 id="t2">The World of Limited Edition Figurines</h2>
<p>Limited edition figurines have become a significant part of the collectible art world, often attracting both seasoned collectors and those newly entering the hobby. These figures, typically produced in small numbers, represent a unique opportunity to own a piece of artistry that is rarely replicated.  The value proposition often lies not just in the aesthetic quality of the figurine itself, but also in its scarcity and potential for appreciation. Many figurines are associated with popular franchises – from fantasy and science fiction to historical portrayals – further boosting their appeal and collectibility. The craftsmanship involved in producing these pieces is often considerable, with skilled sculptors and painters dedicating significant time and effort to each individual item.</p>
<p>The appeal of limited edition figurines extends beyond mere investment. For many, collecting is a passion driven by a love of the subject matter, a desire to connect with a particular fandom, or a simple appreciation for beautiful objects.  Displaying a collection can also be a source of personal pride and a conversation starter.  The secondary market for these figures is robust, with dedicated online platforms and auction houses facilitating the buying and selling of rare and desirable items.  Understanding the nuances of the collectible figurine market – edition sizes, artist reputations, and condition grading – is crucial for both buyers and sellers aiming to maximize their returns.</p>
<h3 id="t3">Understanding Rarity and Condition</h3>
<p>The value of a limited edition figurine is significantly impacted by its rarity and condition. Rarity refers to the number of pieces produced in that particular edition. Smaller edition sizes (e.g., numbered runs of under 100) typically command higher prices than larger runs. However, rarity is not the sole determinant of value. The reputation of the artist, the popularity of the character or subject matter, and the overall demand within the collecting community all play a role.  Condition is equally crucial. Figurines in mint condition – that is, those that are free from any damage or wear – are worth considerably more than those with blemishes, repairs, or missing parts.</p>
<p>Collectors often utilize specific grading scales to assess the condition of figurines. These scales typically take into account factors like paint application, the presence of factory flaws, and any signs of handling or storage.  Maintaining the original packaging is also important, as it can help to preserve the figurine&#39;s value and authenticity. Careful handling, proper storage, and regular dusting are essential for preserving the condition of any collectible figurine. Resources detailing established grading standards and best practices for collectors are readily available online and through dedicated collecting communities.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Condition Grade</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Mint</td>
<td>Perfect condition, no flaws, original packaging present.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Near Mint</td>
<td>Very minor flaws, may be slightly out of packaging but well-preserved.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Excellent</td>
<td>Some minor wear or paint imperfections, but overall well-maintained.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Good</td>
<td>Noticeable wear, possible minor repairs, still a collectible item.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>The documentation associated with a collectible figurine is also important, adding to its provenance and authenticity. Certificates of authenticity, original purchase receipts, and artist signatures can all increase the value and desirability of a piece.</p>
<h2 id="t4">The Allure of Vintage Toys</h2>
<p>Vintage toys hold a special place in the hearts of collectors, evoking a sense of nostalgia and reminding us of simpler times. These aren&#39;t just playthings; they&#39;re tangible links to our childhoods and represent a unique chapter in social and cultural history. The value of vintage toys stems from a variety of factors, including rarity, condition, historical significance, and demand among collectors.  Many vintage toys are highly sought after because they were produced in limited quantities, represent iconic brands, or have a compelling backstory.  The condition of a vintage toy is paramount, with mint-in-box (MIB) examples fetching the highest prices.</p>
<p>The appeal of vintage toys extends beyond personal nostalgia. Collectors are often drawn to the artistry and craftsmanship of these items, appreciating the attention to detail and quality materials that were often employed in their production.  Furthermore, vintage toys can serve as fascinating artifacts, offering insights into the design aesthetics, manufacturing techniques, and cultural values of past eras.  The market for vintage toys is diverse, encompassing a wide range of categories, including action figures, dolls, board games, trains, and die-cast vehicles. Dedicated auctions and online marketplaces cater specifically to this passionate collecting community.</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Early Action Figures:</strong>  Figures from the 1960s and 70s, such as those from the G.I. Joe and Star Wars lines, are particularly valuable.</li>
<li><strong>Vintage Dolls:</strong>  Barbie dolls, Madame Alexander dolls, and other antique dolls can command high prices, especially if they are in pristine condition.</li>
<li><strong>Tin Toys:</strong>  Wind-up toys and other mechanical toys crafted from tin are highly collectible, often reflecting the design sensibilities of a bygone era.</li>
<li><strong>Board Games:</strong>  First editions of classic board games, such as Monopoly and Clue, can be quite valuable.</li>
</ul>
<p>Proper storage and handling are crucial for preserving the condition of vintage toys. Protecting them from direct sunlight, excessive humidity, and physical damage is essential for maintaining their value and extending their lifespan.  Researching specific toy lines and understanding the factors that influence their collectibility is highly recommended for both novice and experienced collectors.</p>
<h2 id="t5">The Art of Coin Collecting (Numismatics)</h2>
<p>Coin collecting, or numismatics, is a hobby that combines historical study, artistic appreciation, and the thrill of the hunt. It’s a pursuit that transcends mere monetary value, offering a window into the past and a tangible connection to different civilizations and cultures. The value of a coin is determined by a multitude of factors, including its rarity, condition, historical significance, and metal content.  Rare coins, often those with limited mintages or unique errors, are highly sought after by collectors. The condition of a coin is graded on a scale, with coins in pristine, uncirculated condition commanding the highest prices.</p>
<p>The historical context of a coin adds to its allure and value. Coins can tell stories about the rulers who commissioned them, the political events that shaped their creation, and the economic systems of the time.  Collectors often specialize in specific periods, regions, or types of coins, developing a deep understanding of their chosen field. The numismatic community is active and supportive, with dedicated clubs, societies, and online forums where collectors can share knowledge and connect with fellow enthusiasts. Investing in numismatics requires knowledge, patience, and a willingness to learn, but it can be a rewarding and intellectually stimulating hobby.</p>
<h3 id="t6">Grading Coins and Identifying Value</h3>
<p>Coin grading is a standardized process used to assess the condition of a coin and determine its value.  Professional grading services, such as PCGS and NGC, provide expert authentication and grading, assigning a numerical grade from 1 (Poor) to 70 (Perfect Mint State). This grading provides a common language and benchmark for buyers and sellers. Recognizing key features and potential flaws in coins is crucial for accurate grading. These features include wear patterns, surface scratches, luster, and strike quality.  Learning to identify different mint marks and varieties can also significantly impact a coin&#39;s value.</p>
<p>Evaluating the potential value of a coin requires considering its rarity, condition, and historical significance. Researching auction records, price guides, and online resources can provide valuable insights. Understanding the market trends and identifying coins that are in demand among collectors is essential for making informed investment decisions.  Authentication is particularly important when dealing with potentially valuable coins, as counterfeits are prevalent in the numismatic market. Utilizing reputable dealers and professional grading services can help to mitigate the risk of purchasing a fake.</p>
<ol>
<li><strong>Research:</strong> Learn about the history, mintages, and varieties of the coins you&#39;re interested in.</li>
<li><strong>Inspection:</strong> Carefully examine the coin for wear, damage, and authenticity.</li>
<li><strong>Grading:</strong>  Attempt to grade the coin based on established standards.</li>
<li><strong>Authentication:</strong> Consider professional authentication for valuable coins.</li>
<li><strong>Valuation:</strong> Research recent auction records and price guides to determine fair market value.</li>
</ol>
<p>Protecting your coin collection from damage is crucial. Proper storage in acid-free holders and a stable environment is essential for preserving their condition and value.</p>
<h2 id="t7">The Growing Interest in Vintage Comic Books</h2>
<p>The world of vintage comic books has evolved from a niche hobby to a legitimate investment market, attracting collectors and investors alike. Early issues of iconic superhero comics, such as Superman, Batman, and Spider-Man, can command astronomical prices, particularly if they are in well-preserved condition. The appeal of vintage comics lies in their cultural significance, artistic merit, and historical importance. They offer a unique glimpse into the pop culture and societal norms of their respective eras, acting as time capsules of bygone days.</p>
<p>The value of a vintage comic book is dictated by a complex interplay of factors, including its rarity, grade, key issue status, and demand among collectors. Rarity is often determined by the print run, with lower print runs resulting in fewer copies available.  Grading, performed by professional services like CGC and PGX, assesses the condition of the comic book on a scale from 0.5 (Poor) to 10 (Gem Mint). Key issues – those that feature significant character debuts, pivotal story arcs, or impactful events – are particularly sought after. Understanding these factors is vital for anyone interested in entering this dynamic market.</p>
<h2 id="t8">Exploring Rare Stamps (Philately)</h2>
<p>Philately, the study of stamps and postal history, offers a fascinating journey into the world of art, history, and communication.  The meticulous detail of stamp designs, combined with their connection to significant historical events and geographical locations, captivates collectors worldwide. The value of a rare stamp can stem from a variety of factors, including limited print runs, printing errors, historical significance, and condition.  Certain stamps, like the British Guiana One-Cent Magenta, have become legendary for their rarity and astronomical price tags. </p>
<p>Unlike some collecting categories focused solely on monetary value, philately frequently intertwines with historical research. Collectors often delve into the postal systems of different countries and periods, examining postmarks, routes, and rates to understand the evolution of communication.  The community of philatelists is vibrant and supportive, with numerous clubs, societies, and online forums fostering knowledge sharing and collaboration. This combination of intellectual stimulation and aesthetic appreciation makes philately a truly rewarding pursuit. It&#39;s a realm where a small piece of paper can unlock a world of stories.</p>

		
		
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